加密货币行情

构建具有 API 密钥认证和 WebSocket 流式传输的实时加密货币行情。本教程演示基于 Token 的安全性、中间件配置和基于进程的 WebSocket 处理。

概述

• API 密钥交换 — 通过 POST API 密钥获取 HMAC 签名的 bearer token
• Token 中间件 — 通过 token store 保护 WebSocket 升级
• WebSocket 扇出 — 一个 ticker 进程向多个连接处理器广播
• 静态资源 — http.static 提供浏览器客户端
• SQLite — 存储 API 密钥；memory store 作为 token store 的后端

项目结构

auth-ticker/
├── wippy.lock
└── src/
    ├── _index.yaml
    ├── auth_token.lua
    ├── ws_ticker.lua
    ├── ws_handler.lua
    ├── ticker.lua
    ├── migrate.lua
    └── public/
        └── index.html

架构

flowchart TB
    subgraph Clients
        Browser[浏览器客户端]
        API[API 客户端]
    end

    subgraph "HTTP Layer"
        Server[http.service
gateway :8081]
        Static[http.static
public/]

        subgraph "Public Router"
            CORS1[cors middleware]
            AuthEndpoint[auth_token
POST /auth/token]
        end

        subgraph "WS Router /ws"
            CORS2[cors middleware]
            TokenAuth[token_auth middleware]
            WSEndpoint[ws_ticker
GET /ws/ticker]
            WSRelay[websocket_relay]
        end
    end

    subgraph "Security Layer"
        TokenStore[security.token_store
tokens]
        Policy[security.policy
user_policy]
        SysPolicy[security.policy
system_policy]
        MemStore[store.memory
token_data]
    end

    subgraph "Storage"
        DB[db.sql.sqlite
auth.db]
    end

    subgraph "Process Layer"
        Supervisor[process.host
processes]
        WSHandler[ws_handler
每连接]
        Ticker[ticker
单例]
    end

    %% 客户端连接
    Browser -->|"GET /"| Static
    API -->|"POST /auth/token"| CORS1
    Browser -->|"WS /ws/ticker"| CORS2

    %% API 流程
    CORS1 --> AuthEndpoint
    AuthEndpoint -->|验证| TokenStore
    AuthEndpoint -->|"签发 token"| API

    %% WS 流程
    CORS2 --> TokenAuth
    TokenAuth -->|验证| TokenStore
    TokenAuth --> WSEndpoint
    WSEndpoint -->|生成| Supervisor
    Supervisor --> WSHandler
    WSEndpoint --> WSRelay
    WSRelay <-->|"消息"| WSHandler

    %% Token store 依赖
    MemStore --> TokenStore
    Policy -->|附加到 token| TokenStore
    SysPolicy -->|"actor + scope"| AuthEndpoint
    SysPolicy -->|"actor + scope"| Ticker

    %% Auth 使用 DB 存储 API keys
    AuthEndpoint -->|查找 API key| DB

    %% 进程通信
    WSHandler -->|订阅| Ticker
    Ticker -->|广播| WSHandler
    WSRelay <-->|"ws 帧"| Browser

安全流程

1. API Key 交换：客户端 POST API key 到 /auth/token。处理器根据数据库验证，创建带有 user_policy 的 actor，并签发 HMAC 签名的 token。

2. Token 认证：WebSocket 连接通过 token_auth 中间件，验证 Bearer token 并恢复安全上下文（actor + 策略）。

3. 进程生成：WebSocket 端点生成处理器进程。由于 token 包含 user_policy，生成被授权。

4. 消息路由：websocket_relay 中间件将 WebSocket 帧作为消息路由到处理器进程。

配置

完整的 _index.yaml：

version: "1.0"
namespace: app

entries:
  # API keys 数据库
  - name: db
    kind: db.sql.sqlite
    file: "./data/auth.db"
    lifecycle:
      auto_start: true

  # Token 后备存储
  - name: token_data
    kind: store.memory
    lifecycle:
      auto_start: true

  # 带 HMAC 签名的 Token 存储
  - name: tokens
    kind: security.token_store
    store: app:token_data
    token_length: 32
    default_expiration: "1h"
    token_key: "demo-secret-key-change-in-production"

  # 已认证用户的安全策略
  - name: user_policy
    kind: security.policy
    policy:
      actions: "*"
      resources: "*"
      effect: allow
    groups:
      - user

  # 面向没有终端用户 actor 的内部代码的策略
  - name: system_policy
    kind: security.policy
    policy:
      actions:
        - db.get
        - security.actor.create
        - security.policy.get
        - security.scope.create
        - security.token_store.get
        - security.token.create
        - process.registry.register
        - process.send
        - process.monitor
      resources: "*"
      effect: allow

  # 进程宿主
  - name: processes
    kind: process.host
    lifecycle:
      auto_start: true

  # 数据库迁移
  - name: migrate
    kind: process.lua
    source: file://migrate.lua
    method: main
    modules: [sql, logger, crypto]
    security:
      actor:
        id: "service:migrate"
      policies:
        - app:system_policy

  - name: migrate-service
    kind: process.service
    process: app:migrate
    host: app:processes
    lifecycle:
      auto_start: true

  # 行情广播器
  - name: ticker
    kind: process.lua
    source: file://ticker.lua
    method: main
    modules: [logger, time, crypto]
    security:
      actor:
        id: "service:ticker"
      policies:
        - app:system_policy

  - name: ticker-service
    kind: process.service
    process: app:ticker
    host: app:processes
    lifecycle:
      auto_start: true

  # WebSocket 处理器（每连接生成）
  - name: ws_handler
    kind: process.lua
    source: file://ws_handler.lua
    method: main
    modules: [logger, json]

  # HTTP 服务器
  - name: gateway
    kind: http.service
    addr: ":8081"
    lifecycle:
      auto_start: true

  # 公开路由器（无认证）
  - name: public_router
    kind: http.router
    meta:
      server: app:gateway
    middleware:
      - cors
    options:
      cors.allow.origins: "*"

  # WebSocket 路由器（带认证）
  - name: ws_router
    kind: http.router
    meta:
      server: app:gateway
    prefix: /ws
    middleware:
      - cors
      - token_auth
    options:
      cors.allow.origins: "*"
      token_auth.store: "app:tokens"
    post_middleware:
      - websocket_relay
    post_options:
      wsrelay.allowed.origins: "*"

  # 静态文件
  - name: public_fs
    kind: fs.directory
    directory: ./src/public

  - name: static
    kind: http.static
    meta:
      server: app:gateway
    path: /
    fs: app:public_fs
    static_options:
      spa: true
      index: index.html

  # Auth token 交换
  - name: auth_token
    kind: function.lua
    source: file://auth_token.lua
    method: handler
    modules: [http, sql, crypto, security, json]
    security:
      actor:
        id: "service:auth"
      policies:
        - app:system_policy

  - name: auth_token.endpoint
    kind: http.endpoint
    meta:
      router: app:public_router
    method: POST
    path: /auth/token
    func: app:auth_token

  # WebSocket ticker 端点
  - name: ws_ticker
    kind: function.lua
    source: file://ws_ticker.lua
    method: handler
    modules: [http, json, security, logger]

  - name: ws_ticker.endpoint
    kind: http.endpoint
    meta:
      router: app:ws_router
    method: GET
    path: /ticker
    func: app:ws_ticker

user_policy 随每个签发的 token 一起传递，覆盖已认证连接所做的事情。system_policy 覆盖在任何 token 存在之前运行的代码——迁移、行情广播器以及 token 交换本身——因为没有 actor 和作用域发起的受控调用会被拒绝。

生产环境中，使用占位符（token_key: ${env:TOKEN_KEY}）从环境变量读取 HMAC 密钥，而不是硬编码。参见环境系统。

Token 交换

auth_token.lua - 验证 API keys 并签发 HMAC 签名的 token：

local http = require("http")
local sql = require("sql")
local security = require("security")

local function handler()
    local req = http.request()
    local res = http.response()

    local body, parse_err = req:body_json()
    if parse_err then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.BAD_REQUEST)
        res:write_json({error = "invalid JSON"})
        return
    end

    local api_key = body.api_key
    if not api_key or #api_key == 0 then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.BAD_REQUEST)
        res:write_json({error = "api_key required"})
        return
    end

    local db, db_err = sql.get("app:db")
    if db_err then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.INTERNAL_ERROR)
        res:write_json({error = "database unavailable"})
        return
    end

    local rows, query_err = db:query(
        "SELECT user_id, role FROM api_keys WHERE api_key = ?",
        {api_key}
    )
    db:release()

    if query_err then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.INTERNAL_ERROR)
        res:write_json({error = "lookup failed"})
        return
    end
    if #rows == 0 then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.UNAUTHORIZED)
        res:write_json({error = "invalid API key"})
        return
    end

    local user = rows[1]

    -- 创建带用户身份的 actor
    local actor = security.new_actor("user:" .. user.user_id, {
        role = user.role,
        user_id = user.user_id
    })

    -- 将 user_policy 附加到 scope
    local policy, _ = security.policy("app:user_policy")
    local scope = policy and security.new_scope({policy}) or security.new_scope()

    -- 签发 HMAC 签名的 token
    local store, store_err = security.token_store("app:tokens")
    if store_err then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.INTERNAL_ERROR)
        res:write_json({error = "token store unavailable"})
        return
    end

    local token, token_err = store:create(actor, scope, {
        expiration = "1h",
        meta = {ip = req:remote_addr()}
    })
    store:close()

    if token_err then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.INTERNAL_ERROR)
        res:write_json({error = "token creation failed"})
        return
    end

    res:write_json({
        token = token,
        user_id = user.user_id,
        role = user.role,
        expires_in = 3600
    })
end

return { handler = handler }

WebSocket 端点

ws_ticker.lua - 为每个已认证的连接生成处理器进程：

local http = require("http")
local json = require("json")
local security = require("security")
local logger = require("logger")

local function handler()
    local req = http.request()
    local res = http.response()

    if req:method() ~= http.METHOD.GET then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)
        res:write_json({error = "method not allowed"})
        return
    end

    -- Actor 由 token_auth 中间件设置
    local actor = security.actor()
    if not actor then
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.UNAUTHORIZED)
        res:write_json({error = "authentication required"})
        return
    end

    local user_id = actor:id()

    -- 生成处理器进程（由 token 中的 user_policy 授权）
    local pid, err = process.spawn("app:ws_handler", "app:processes", user_id)
    if err then
        logger:error("spawn failed", {error = tostring(err)})
        res:set_status(http.STATUS.INTERNAL_ERROR)
        res:write_json({error = "failed to create handler"})
        return
    end

    -- 配置 websocket_relay 将消息路由到处理器
    res:set_header("X-WS-Relay", json.encode({
        target_pid = tostring(pid),
        metadata = {user_id = user_id, auth_time = os.time()}
    }))
end

return { handler = handler }

连接处理器

websocket_relay 中间件自动向处理器进程发送生命周期消息：

• ws.join - 连接建立，包含用于发送响应的 client_pid
• ws.message - 客户端发送了消息；负载是原始帧（文本帧为字符串）
• ws.leave - 连接关闭（断开时自动发送）

反向发往客户端 PID 的消息，会以形如 {topic, data} 的单个 JSON 文本帧到达浏览器。topic 由你自己选择，负载则以 data 的形式送达。

ws_handler.lua - 处理这些生命周期消息：

local logger = require("logger")
local json = require("json")

local function main(user_id)
    local inbox = process.inbox()
    local client_pid = nil
    local subscribed = false

    logger:info("handler started", {user_id = user_id})

    while true do
        local msg, ok = inbox:receive()
        if not ok then break end

        local topic = msg:topic()
        local data = msg:payload():data()

        if topic == "ws.join" then
            client_pid = data.client_pid

            -- 用我们的 PID 订阅以进行崩溃监控
            process.send("ticker", "subscribe", {
                client_pid = client_pid,
                handler_pid = process.pid()
            })
            subscribed = true

            -- 发送欢迎消息
            process.send(client_pid, "welcome", {user_id = user_id})

            logger:info("client joined", {user_id = user_id, client_pid = client_pid})

        elseif topic == "ws.message" then
            local content = json.decode(data)
            if content and content.type == "ping" then
                process.send(client_pid, "pong", {})
            end

        elseif topic == "ws.leave" then
            -- Relay 在断开时自动发送此消息
            logger:info("client left", {user_id = user_id, client_pid = data.client_pid})
            if subscribed then
                process.send("ticker", "unsubscribe", {handler_pid = process.pid()})
            end
            break
        end
    end

    return 0
end

return { main = main }

广播

ticker.lua - 维护订阅并广播价格更新：

local logger = require("logger")
local time = require("time")
local crypto = require("crypto")

-- handler_pid -> client_pid 映射
local subscriptions = {}

local prices = {
    ["BTC-USD"] = 42000.00,
    ["ETH-USD"] = 2500.00,
    ["SOL-USD"] = 95.00
}

local function broadcast(updates)
    for _, client_pid in pairs(subscriptions) do
        process.send(client_pid, "ticker", updates)
    end
end

local function update_prices()
    for symbol, price in pairs(prices) do
        local bytes = crypto.random.bytes(2)
        local rand = (bytes:byte(1) * 256 + bytes:byte(2)) / 65535.0
        local factor = (rand - 0.5) * 0.002
        prices[symbol] = price * (1 + factor)
        prices[symbol] = tonumber(string.format("%.2f", prices[symbol]))
    end
end

local function get_updates()
    local updates = {}
    for symbol, price in pairs(prices) do
        table.insert(updates, {symbol = symbol, price = price, timestamp = os.time()})
    end
    return updates
end

local function main()
    local inbox = process.inbox()
    local events = process.events()

    local ticker, ticker_err = time.ticker("1s")
    if ticker_err then
        logger:error("failed to create ticker", {error = tostring(ticker_err)})
        return 1
    end
    local tick_ch = ticker:response()

    process.registry.register("ticker")
    logger:info("ticker started", {pid = process.pid()})

    while true do
        local r = channel.select {
            inbox:case_receive(),
            events:case_receive(),
            tick_ch:case_receive()
        }

        if r.channel == tick_ch then
            update_prices()
            if next(subscriptions) then
                broadcast(get_updates())
            end

        elseif r.channel == events then
            local event = r.value
            if event.kind == process.event.CANCEL then
                ticker:stop()
                logger:info("ticker stopping")
                return 0
            elseif event.kind == process.event.EXIT then
                -- 处理器退出，移除订阅
                if subscriptions[event.from] then
                    logger:info("handler exited", {handler_pid = event.from})
                    subscriptions[event.from] = nil
                end
            end

        else
            local msg = r.value
            local topic = msg:topic()
            local data = msg:payload():data()

            if topic == "subscribe" then
                local handler_pid = data.handler_pid
                local client_pid = data.client_pid

                subscriptions[handler_pid] = client_pid
                process.monitor(handler_pid)

                logger:info("subscribed", {handler_pid = handler_pid, client_pid = client_pid})

                process.send(client_pid, "ticker", get_updates())

            elseif topic == "unsubscribe" then
                subscriptions[data.handler_pid] = nil
                logger:info("unsubscribed", {handler_pid = data.handler_pid})
            end
        end
    end
end

return { main = main }

数据库迁移

migrate.lua - 创建 API keys 表并生成演示密钥：

local sql = require("sql")
local logger = require("logger")
local crypto = require("crypto")

local function main()
    local db, err = sql.get("app:db")
    if err then
        logger:error("failed to connect", {error = tostring(err)})
        return 1
    end

    local _, exec_err = db:execute([[
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS api_keys (
            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
            api_key TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
            user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
            role TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'user',
            created_at INTEGER NOT NULL
        )
    ]])

    if exec_err then
        db:release()
        logger:error("migration failed", {error = tostring(exec_err)})
        return 1
    end

    -- 检查演示密钥是否存在
    local rows, _ = db:query("SELECT api_key FROM api_keys WHERE user_id = ?", {"demo"})
    if #rows == 0 then
        local demo_key, key_err = crypto.random.string(32)
        if key_err then
            db:release()
            return 1
        end

        db:execute(
            "INSERT INTO api_keys (api_key, user_id, role, created_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
            {demo_key, "demo", "user", os.time()}
        )
        logger:info("demo API key created", {api_key = demo_key})
    else
        logger:info("demo API key exists", {api_key = rows[1].api_key})
    end

    db:release()
    return 0
end

return { main = main }

浏览器客户端

public/index.html - 用 API key 换取 token，然后流式接收价格。浏览器无法在 WebSocket 握手时设置请求头，因此 token 通过 token_auth 同样会读取的 x-auth-token 查询参数传递：

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>Crypto Ticker</title>
  <style>
    body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; max-width: 40rem; margin: 3rem auto; }
    table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-top: 1rem; }
    th, td { text-align: left; padding: .4rem .6rem; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; }
    #status { color: #666; }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Crypto Ticker</h1>
  <input id="key" placeholder="demo API key" size="40">
  <button id="connect">Connect</button>
  <p id="status">disconnected</p>
  <table><thead><tr><th>Symbol</th><th>Price</th></tr></thead><tbody id="rows"></tbody></table>

  <script>
    const status = document.getElementById("status");
    const rows = document.getElementById("rows");

    document.getElementById("connect").onclick = async () => {
      const res = await fetch("/auth/token", {
        method: "POST",
        headers: {"Content-Type": "application/json"},
        body: JSON.stringify({api_key: document.getElementById("key").value})
      });
      if (!res.ok) { status.textContent = "auth failed"; return; }
      const {token} = await res.json();

      const url = `ws://${location.host}/ws/ticker?x-auth-token=${encodeURIComponent(token)}`;
      const ws = new WebSocket(url);

      ws.onopen = () => {
        status.textContent = "connected";
        ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: "ping"}));
      };
      ws.onclose = () => { status.textContent = "disconnected"; };

      ws.onmessage = (evt) => {
        const msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);
        if (msg.topic !== "ticker") return;
        rows.innerHTML = "";
        for (const quote of msg.data) {
          rows.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend",
            `<tr><td>${quote.symbol}</td><td>${quote.price.toFixed(2)}</td></tr>`);
        }
      };
    };
  </script>
</body>
</html>

运行

mkdir -p data
wippy init
wippy run

打开 http://localhost:8081 并输入日志中显示的演示 API key。

下一步

• WebSocket Relay - 中间件配置
• Security 模块 - Actor、策略、token 存储
• 进程管理 - 生成和消息传递