HTTP 客户端

向外部服务发起 HTTP 请求。支持所有 HTTP 方法、头部、查询参数、表单数据、文件上传、流式响应和并发批量请求。

加载

local http_client = require("http_client")

HTTP 方法

所有方法具有相同的签名：method(url, options?) 返回 Response, error。

GET 请求

local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/users")
if err then
    return nil, err
end

print(resp.status_code)  -- 200
print(resp.body)         -- response body

POST 请求

local resp, err = http_client.post("https://api.example.com/users", {
    headers = {["Content-Type"] = "application/json"},
    body = json.encode({name = "Alice", email = "alice@example.com"})
})

PUT 请求

local resp, err = http_client.put("https://api.example.com/users/123", {
    headers = {["Content-Type"] = "application/json"},
    body = json.encode({name = "Alice Smith"})
})

PATCH 请求

local resp, err = http_client.patch("https://api.example.com/users/123", {
    body = json.encode({status = "active"})
})

DELETE 请求

local resp, err = http_client.delete("https://api.example.com/users/123", {
    headers = {["Authorization"] = "Bearer " .. token}
})

HEAD 请求

仅返回头部，无正文。

local resp, err = http_client.head("https://cdn.example.com/file.zip")
local size = resp.headers["Content-Length"]

自定义方法

local resp, err = http_client.request("PROPFIND", "https://dav.example.com/folder", {
    headers = {["Depth"] = "1"}
})

请求选项

查询参数

local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/search", {
    query = {
        q = "lua programming",
        page = "1",
        limit = "20"
    }
})

头部和认证

local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/data", {
    headers = {
        ["Authorization"] = "Bearer " .. token,
        ["Accept"] = "application/json"
    }
})

-- Or use basic auth
local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/data", {
    auth = {user = "admin", pass = "secret"}
})

表单数据

local resp, err = http_client.post("https://api.example.com/login", {
    form = {
        username = "alice",
        password = "secret123"
    }
})

文件上传

local resp, err = http_client.post("https://api.example.com/upload", {
    form = {title = "My Document"},
    files = {
        {
            name = "attachment",      -- form field name
            filename = "report.pdf",  -- original filename
            content = pdf_data,       -- file content
            content_type = "application/pdf"
        }
    }
})

*content 或 reader 必须提供其一。

超时

-- Number: seconds
local resp, err = http_client.get(url, {timeout = 30})

-- String: Go duration format
local resp, err = http_client.get(url, {timeout = "30s"})
local resp, err = http_client.get(url, {timeout = "1m30s"})
local resp, err = http_client.get(url, {timeout = "1h"})

TLS 选项

配置每请求的 TLS 设置，用于 mTLS（双向 TLS）和自定义 CA 证书。

cert 和 key 必须同时提供才能使用 mTLS。ca 字段会使用自定义 CA 覆盖系统证书池。

mTLS 认证

local cert_pem = fs.read("/certs/client.crt")
local key_pem = fs.read("/certs/client.key")

local resp, err = http_client.get("https://secure.example.com/api", {
    tls = {
        cert = cert_pem,
        key = key_pem,
    }
})

自定义 CA

local ca_pem = fs.read("/certs/internal-ca.crt")

local resp, err = http_client.get("https://internal.example.com/api", {
    tls = {
        ca = ca_pem,
        server_name = "internal.example.com",
    }
})

跳过不安全验证

在开发环境中跳过 TLS 验证。需要 http_client.insecure_tls 安全权限。

local resp, err = http_client.get("https://localhost:8443/api", {
    tls = {
        insecure_skip_verify = true,
    }
})

响应对象

local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/data")
if err then
    return nil, err
end

if resp.status_code == 200 then
    local data = json.decode(resp.body)
    print("Content-Type:", resp.headers["Content-Type"])
end

流式响应

对于大型响应，使用流式以避免将整个正文加载到内存中。

local resp, err = http_client.get("https://cdn.example.com/large-file.zip", {
    stream = true
})
if err then
    return nil, err
end

-- Process in chunks
while true do
    local chunk, err = resp.stream:read(65536)
    if err or not chunk then break end
    -- process chunk
end
resp.stream:close()

批量请求

并发执行多个请求。

local responses, errors = http_client.request_batch({
    {"GET", "https://api.example.com/users"},
    {"GET", "https://api.example.com/products"},
    {"POST", "https://api.example.com/log", {body = "event"}}
})

if errors then
    for i, err in ipairs(errors) do
        if err then
            print("Request " .. i .. " failed:", err)
        end
    end
else
    -- All succeeded
    for i, resp in ipairs(responses) do
        print("Response " .. i .. ":", resp.status_code)
    end
end

返回: responses, errors - 按请求位置索引的数组

注意：

• 请求并发执行
• 批量中不支持流式（stream = true）
• 结果数组与请求顺序匹配（从 1 开始索引）

URL 编码

编码

local encoded = http_client.encode_uri("hello world")
-- "hello+world"

local url = "https://api.example.com/search?q=" .. http_client.encode_uri(query)

解码

local decoded, err = http_client.decode_uri("hello+world")
-- "hello world"

权限

HTTP 请求受安全策略评估约束。

安全操作

检查访问权限

local security = require("security")

if security.can("http_client.request", "https://api.example.com/users") then
    local resp = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/users")
end

SSRF 防护

私有 IP 范围（10.x、192.168.x、172.16-31.x、localhost）默认被阻止。访问需要 http_client.private_ip 权限。

local resp, err = http_client.get("http://192.168.1.1/admin")
-- Error: not allowed: private IP 192.168.1.1

参见 安全模型 了解策略配置。

错误

local resp, err = http_client.get(url)
if err then
    if errors.is(err, errors.PERMISSION_DENIED) then
        print("Access denied:", err:message())
    elseif err:retryable() then
        print("Temporary error:", err:message())
    end
    return nil, err
end

参见 错误处理 了解错误处理方法。